DND starts procurement of Tank Gunnery Simulator for the Philippine Army

The Department of National Defense (DND) has started the procurement phase of the Tank Gunnery Simulator Acquisition Project for the Philippine Army.

This is in line with the improvements being made on the capability of armor units, specifically with the Mechanized Infantry Division. 

With the Philippine Army expecting new light tanks coming in soon, they now have more reason to get a tank gunnery simulator to train future tank crew while enhancing their skills without the need to actually use the tanks to train.

An example of what appears to be a gunner station simulation system, mocking a tank turret. Photo taken from KMW website.

An example of the interior of a gunner station for the gunner and commander. It needs to be a mock up of what the PA's tank turret would be.

Overview:

With the Philippine Army planning to acquire light tanks as part of the Horizon 2 phase of the Revised AFP Modernization Program, they also included the need for a tank gunnery simulator to help train armor crew on tank operations and application in combat scenarios.

Originally the plan was to acquire 2 tank gunnery simulators with a budget of Php36.2 million. 1 system each for a wheeled and tracked tank, both simulating a tank with a 105mm gun turret.

But it appears that the budget is not enough for 2 systems (another sign of lack of efforts to research properly or make use of Request for Information or Pricing before making a proposal). 

So only 1 system will be acquired, although MaxDefense believes that there could be future requirements to acquire more to allow training as a small unit instead of just a solitary tank.

Should the Notice to Proceed be released within the year, the simulator should be delivered within 9 months, most likely around mid or late 2020. This is still earlier than the tanks itself which usually take more than a year to deliver.

Realism of graphics is also important to simulate actual terrain and conditions. Photo taken from Rhinemetall Defense.

What is a Tank Gunnery Simulator?

According to the technical specifications of the project, as I quote:

A "Tank Gunnery Simulator is a portable gunnery and crew simulator for 105 mm light tank which will be the premier training tool for live precision gunnery and combat training for Armor Personnel. It simulates all tank gunnery operational modes via mockup cabin that replicates all the system controls of a 105 mm light tank." 

"It basically has crew gunnery station where commander and gunner interact with each other in order to properly execute target acquisition in a given scenario."

"It has driver station which can simulate tracked or wheeled platform allowing the entire crew to feel the ride of a tank depending on what terrain is given in the exercise scenario."

"It has Instructor station where instructor operates a preset scenario and can see the performance of the students. Instructor station can allow exercise debrief through replaying the training scenario allowing everyone to see how the students perform in the exercise. Radio communications among the students can also be replayed through its voice recorder capability in order to hear and review the students’ voice command during the exercise." 

The instructor's station will also have the control panels to set the simulation and training conditions while also have monitors where the instructor/system operators can also see what's happening inside the gunner and driver stations, but also see what the trainees are looking at.

"All the required hardware and software; generator; air condition and cooling system; generator; electrical and power source needed for the tank simulator to be operational from the start of the delivery should be provided by the proponents."

The tank gunnery simulator will be a full motion type, allowing the simulation of terrain as shown on the simulation.

It will have a gunner station for the gunner and commander, a driver station as well as an instructor's station.  

The driver station (top) simulates the driving of the vehicle platform, while the gunner station (above) simulates the loading, aiming, firing of the gun by the tank's gunner, as well as commanding the vehicle and providing instructions to the team by the tank's commander. Credits to original sources of photos.

MaxDefense's Opinion:

Since the tank gunnery simulator is dependent on the model of tank/s the Philippine Army will be procuring, MaxDefense believes that this should have been packaged together with the Light Tank Acquisition Project rather than separating it.

In a bidding, the DND or Philippine Army cannot specify the tank model that they are after especially when it is not finally decided yet.

The Pre-Bid Conference is where we believe the proponents will be informed of selected Light Tank model to use as basis.

This is important since the tanks offered to the PA use different platform vehicled and different turrets. 

On the turret alone, the layout, controls, and performance between those made by Oto Melara and CMI Defence Cockerill differ from each other. 

Driver layouts also differ from each vehicle platform. Thats why its interesting to see how a single tank simulator can simulate 2 different platforms (tracked and wheeled). For example, how can it simulate a ASCOD 2 and a Pandur 2 vehicles?

The software is also the important factor. How good is the realism of the simulation software and responsiveness. This would be similar to using software engines similar to those used by video games that includes realistic render of terrain, structures and vehicles. The output as well, through the video screens must consider the latest video and video processing technology.

 It would be best if the software was made to consider Philippine terrain, or if better, match it to certain real locations in the Philippines rather than a software that simulates the European terrain.

It would be best also if the training system can simulate outside the turret like the one above.

Light Tank Acquisition Project Winner?

MaxDefense will discuss soon on which company was finally selected by the Philippine Army to supply the tracked and wheeled light tanks. We can now confirm that the selection was finally done, which we will discuss in a separate blog entry.

All MaxDefese can say for now is that the winning models were among those we mentioned in earlier blogs regarding the Light Tank Acquisition Project.

Meanwhile, all updates on the Tank Gunnery Simulator acquisition project will be made on our resource page for the project which we will release soon. Keep tabs on our resource portal for these updates.

Project Summary:

Tank Gunnery Simulator Acquisition Project

Note: Edited as of 07 August 2019.

* End User: Philippine Army (Mechanized Infantry Division)

* Quantity: 1 set plus associated items and services as part of package

* Modernization Phase: Horizon 2 Phase of RAFPMP

* Project ABC: Php36,200,000.00

* Acquisition Mode: Public Bidding

* Source of Funding: GAA Funded

* SARO Release: TBA

* Winning Proponent: TBA

* Product for Delivery: TBA, 270 days upon released of Notice to Proceed (NTP)

* Contract Price: TBA

* First post by MaxDefense: 22 September 2018

* MaxDefense Searching Hashtag: #PATankGunnerySimAcquisition

* Status: Bid process starting, bid submission on 29 August 2019.

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First edit and release: 07 August 2019
Copyright MaxDefense Philippines

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5 Upcoming Projects for the Philippine Army's Mechanized Infantry Division under the RAFPMP Horizon 2 Phase

Last 20 September 2018 during the 12th Activation Anniversary of the Philippine Army Mechanized Infantry Division (MID), Philippine Pres. Rodrigo Duterte announced in his speech that the MID is bound to benefit from 5 modernization projects worth around Php13 billion under the Horizon 2 phase of the Revised AFP Modernization Program (RAFPMP).

The MID is a major unit that needs massive modernization, due to their lack of modern assets and capabilities compared to infantry units that can be addressed faster due to cost considerations. Being an material-dependent unit, the MID was left behind as modernization budgets from decades ago was not enough to allow the acquisition of expensive to acquire and sustain armored and mechanized assets, resulting to the MID's fleet remaining less capable than contemporaries in the region.

The Horizon 1 and 2 phases of the RAFPMP actually addresses these shortcomings, with a modest upgrade plan that would allow the MID and the Philippine Army in general to transition to a more mechanized army in the future.



MID Projects Under The Horizon 2 Phase Priority Projects:

Pres. Duterte mentioned that there are 5 Horizon 2 projects that will benefit the MID. And these are the projects that he was referring to, contrary to claims by fake defense pages:


1. Light/Medium Tank Acquisition Project

This involves the acquisition of a battalion worth of at least 44 units of tanks or tank destroyers with an Approved Budget for Contract (ABC) of Php9,484,332,000.00. In our previous blog entry and Facebook posts, MaxDefense mentioned that the project will be divided into the acquisition of two different platforms sharing the same gun and turret. One platform will be tracked and can be considered as a light or medium tank, while the other platform is wheeled 8x8 armored vehicle that appears to be similar to a mobile gun system or a tank destroyer. The tank gun will be at least a 105mm caliber capable of being used against other tanks and armored vehicles, soft and hardened structures, and bunkers.

MaxDefense expects that out of the 44 units to be acquired in total, around 28 to 30 (equivalent to 2 tank companies) will be using the tracked platform, while around 14 units (equivalent to a tank company) will be for the wheeled variant. 

MaxDefense also mentioned that among those being considered for the tracked tank are the Hanwha Defense Systems K21-105 from South Korea, the FNSS-PT Pindad Kaplan MT/Harimau Hitam medium tank made by a Turkish-Indonesian venture, the Otokar Tulpar from Turkey, and a European model, which MaxDefense found out to be offered by Israel's Elbit Systems. Apparently Rosoboronexport of Russia also offered their BMP-3 IFV and T-90 main battle tank, while Ukraine also tried to offer their T-84 Yatagan main battle tank.

For the wheeled tank destroyer, among those considered are the Hyundai Rotem K808 of South Korea, FNSS Pars III 8x8 and Otokar Arma 8x8 from Turkey, and another European model offered by Elbit Systems of Israel.

MaxDefense received information lately that there was already a decision made by Senior Leaders of the on the procurement process, and it won't be undergoing public bidding but will be acquired instead through a negotiated Government-to-Government (G2G) deal with a particular country. MaxDefense will discuss about this update in future blog entries of posts.

Three of the offers made to the Philippine Army's Light/Medium Tank requirement include the FNSS-PT Pindad Kaplan MT (Harimau Hitam) medium tank (top), the Hanwha Defense Systems K21-105 light tank (middle), and the Otokar Tulpar 105 Light Tank (above).
Credits to owners of all photos.

2. Wheeled Armored Personnel Carrier Acquisition Project:

This is another project that was discussed by MaxDefense in the previous blog we posted last March 2018, and involves the acquisition of around 28 units of new wheeled armored personnel carriers, possibly a 6x6, with an ABC of Php 2,265,200,000.00, and will become the initial acquisition of new wheeled APCs in the future. Initially planned to be equipped with a manned or unmanned turret armed with a 30mm autocannon, the budget appears to be not enough and the specifications were changed to just use a manned turret for a 12.7mm heavy machine gun and a grenade launcher.

Originally the plan was to use this project to upgrade the weapons and mechanical/electrical systems of existing wheeled APCs of the MID including the V-150 and Simba fleets. But the plan changed due to availability issues, and probably because of the reality that the V-150 and Simba fleets are already worn down and needs replacement soon.

The project is closely related to the Wheeled Tank/Tank Destroyer acquisition project as the potential suppliers for both projects are the same companies offering the same family of platform. Based on our previous blog, the offers include the Hyundai Rotem K806 6x6 from South Korea, FNSS Pars III 6x6 and Otokar Arma 6x6 from Turkey, and an offer based on a European-made 6x6 armored vehicle by Elbit Systems of Israel. Other offers made known to MaxDefense later on include the PT Pindad Pansir Anoa 6x6 from Indonesia, Czechoslovak Group's Pandur II 6x6 and (Nexter) Titus 6x6 from Czech Republic, Gaia Automotive's Amir 4x4 and 6x6 MRAP from Israel, and the Kamaz Typhoon-K 6x6 from Russia's Rosoboronexport, and Ukraine's BTR-4 8x8.

This project is still in the pre-procurement stage, and is still being determined on how the project will proceed and what procurement process will be used, although MaxDefense expects a significant movement to happen on this project once the Philippine Army decides on the wheeled tank/tank destroyer that it will acquire.

More of  the Light/Medium Tank acquisition of Wheeled APC Acquisition projects can be read from our previous blog entry with the link below:

"Philippine Army's Planned Acquisition of Tanks and Armoured Assets for Horizon 2 Phase" - posted on 24 March 2018

Three of just several offers made to the Philippine Army for their Wheeled APC Acquisition Project. The Otokar Arma 6x6 (top), FNSS PARS III 6x6 (middle), and Czechoslovak Group's Pandur II 6x6 (above).
Credits to owners of all photos above.

3. M113 Upgrade to Armored Mortar Carrier:

This is an upcoming project that MaxDefense expects to be awarded soon. The project involves supply of 15 units of upgraded M113A2+ tracked armored vehicles installed with a 120mm mortar system, to provide mechanized and infantry forces with quick firing indirect fire support in the battlefield.

The ABC for this project is Php1,094,570,175.00, and is to be acquired through a negotiated Government-to-Government (G2G) deal with Israel, through Elbit Systems Land & C4I, which offered to supply upgraded M113A2 installed with the their Soltam Cardom 120mm Mortar System. The project is still in its Pre-award and Post Qualification Inspection stage, and if everything goes well, MaxDefense expects the project to be awarded to Elbit Systems before the year ends.

This is actually the 2nd time that the Philippine Army is procuring self propelled Armored Mortar Carriers, the first one being the ongoing M113 Firepower Upgrade project, which is a Horizon 1 project awarded also to Elbit Systems Land & C4I and involves the upgrade of 5 existing M113A2 to Mortar Carriers with the Soltam Cardom 81mm Mortar System (which can be upgraded later on to take the larger Soltam Cardom 120mm Mortar System).

Elbit Systems is poised to be awarded with the contract for the M113 Upgrade to Armored Mortar Carrier project if they pass the Post Qualification Inspections that is expected to happen soon.
Photo for reference only, credits to owner of the photo.

4. M113 APC Firepower Upgrade Project:

Another upgrade project involving the existing M113 fleet of the Philippine Army, the project involves the acquisition and installation of 25mm manned turrets for around 32 units of the MID's M113A2 tracked armored vehicles. The ABC for this project is worth Php288,000,000.00.

Originally the plan was to acquire 7.62mm M163 Miniguns and installing them on armored cupola shields or manned turrets, but it was found to be excessively wasteful of ammunition, and instead a more powerful gun in a manned turret will be used instead, converting these armored personnel carriers into infantry fighting vehicles.

This is also in the pre-procurement phase at the moment, and is expected only move forward probably by either late 2018 or early 2019.

Elbit's UT25 turret previously supplied to the Philippine Army's M113A2+ armored vehicles actually have a manned version, which is called the MT25. It can use the same turret design and gun as the UT30, although it won't have the remote system that is present on the UT25.
Photo credited to the late John K Chua, a MaxDefense community member.

5. Tank Gunnery Simulator Acquisition Project:

While this project doesn't involve an actual armored vehicle, it is equally important to the MID as it will be used to train future tank crew using an almost realistic, computer-based simulation system similar to those used by aircraft pilots.

The ABC for this project is Php36,200,000.00 and involves the acquisition of two (2) Tank Gunnery Simulators, which should be compatible to the light/medium tank that the MID will acquire. Thus, this would be dependent on the success of the Light/Medium Tank acquisition project and will only move forward once a decision on that project has been made.

No updates yet on this project although it should be among those for implementation in the coming months. MaxDefense expects that the delivery of this system should be made before the actual tanks, considering this would be use to train the future tank crews of the MID.

The example above is the one used by the Singaporean Army, which can be configured also to different armored vehicles and tanks used by the enduser.
Photo taken from StraitsTimes website.

MaxDefense's Observations:

In all projects, it is worth noting that the Israelis actually have a strong chance of bagging them all due to the recent pronouncements by Pres. Duterte and Defense Sec. Delfin Lorenzana on preference to acquire arms from Israel. And coincidentally, all 5 projects have entries made by Israeli companies with the assistance from the Israeli Ministry of Defense - SIBAT.

But it would also be dependent on the platform to be acquired. It is expected that, to reduce logistics and support issues, the Tracked Tank and Wheeled Tank Destroyer could be awarded to a single proponent, which means the vehicles, turrets and guns would be supplied by the same companies and enjoy commonality and compatibility. The same is true with the Wheeled Tank Destroyer and the Wheeled APC, considering both projects can use the same platform, except that the tank destroyer will be in 8x8 configuration while the APC can be in the cheaper 6x6 platform.

Elbit also has an advantage with regards to supplying the manned turrets for the M113, considering that MID already uses their UT25 unmanned turret, and the manned version MT25 uses several parts that is similar to the UT25. Again, logistics, maintenance, and training can be simplified, while compatibility would be met.

The surprise offer actually came Ukraine, which came in later than the rest of the contending proponents, and has said to have offered an interesting package which involves their T-84 Yatagan main battle tank, said to be priced competitively as the light/medium tanks offered by other proponents but being in a higher class on its own. Bigger, better armor, more firepower. But they came in too late that if their offer is considered, the project to acquire tanks would be delayed by more than 1 year. Besides, Ukraine has a history of not meeting delivery schedules and poor after-sales support, as in the case of Thailand's T-84 Oplot acquisition which is delayed by several years, prompting the Thai Army to cancel succeeding orders and instead acquiring the Chinese VT4 main battle tank.

Russia is another supplier that is being considered, but appears to be less appreciated by the people in the MID and the Philippine Army in general.




As the projects are already either ongoing, or lined-up for implementation, MaxDefense will provide updates on these projects either here or in a separate blog, or through our Facebook community page. MaxDefense expects updates especially on the Mortar Carrier acquisition very soon, being the project in the most advanced stage of procurement.

MaxDefense thanks its sources for providing timely and surprisingly accurate information for us to provide the general public. MaxDefense intentionally did not include information that may be considered to create negative effect on the security of the AFP in general. 

For more information regarding the speech of Pres. Duterte, please refer to the video below, credits to RTV Malacanang's Youtube page.

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