Philippine Air Force to start receiving its Rafael Spyder Ground-Based Air Defense System in 2021

It has been a while since our last blog entry on the Philippine Air Force's (PAF) Ground Based Air Defense System (GBADS) Acquisition Project. Our last blog entry on the project, which was posted on 26 December 2018, talks about the selection of the Rafael SPYDER Air Defense System (ADS) for the project.

The Rafael SPYDER Air Defense System, which was selected for the PAF's GBADS Acquisition Project. Photo credits to Rafael.

What Happened Since December 2018:

Back in December 2018, MaxDefense announced that the Philippine Air Force has selected the Rafael SPYDER ADS for its GBADS requirement, beating out other competitors including offerings from Germany, South Korea, Russia, India, and other countries.

Despite the selection in December 2018, a Notice of Award (NOA) was only provided to Rafael in June 2019, and a contract was only signed between Rafael and the DND by 3rd quarter 2019.

3 batteries of SPYDER Air Defense System are covered in the contract, with each battery having a classified number of Missile Firing Units (MFU), a Command and Control Unit (CCU), and other support vehicles and systems.

As part of the contract, an initial 15% of the contract worth Php1.027 billion was released in June 2019, which constitutes the 1st of 3 Multi-Year Contractual Authority (MYCA) for the project. The Philippine government is expected to release the 2nd and 3rd repayments by 2020 and 2021.

Not much have happened after, since the contract was already signed and all the PAF needs to do is wait and do inspections as the units bound for the Philippines are manufactured, while the Philippine government allocates the multi-year funding for it until 2021.

A SPYDER SR/ER ADS missile firing unit. Photo credits to original source.

The Good News:

Let's start with the good news.

Based on the project's contract between the Department of National Defense (DND) and Rafael Advance Defense Systems (Rafael), the delivery of the 3 batteries of Rafael SPYDER Air Defense System for the Philippine Air Force would be in 2021.

Also, Rafael could be delivering, or may have already delivered the initial deliverable as part of the project, including equipment for training, testing and support equipment, and spare parts for the PAF's SPYDER Air Defense System within 2020.

These development means the Philippine Air Force is getting closer in having a ground based air defense missile system to defend critical air bases and other interests.

Rafael Python V and Derby missiles. Credits to original source of photo.

The Bad News:

Now for the not so happy news.

Previously MaxDefense reported that the SPYDER ADS that the Philippine Air Force could be getting could be the SPYDER-MR (Medium Range) version, since the PAF's pre-procurement evaluations, PAF and DND documents about the project, and information from sources all pointed out to a medium-range system to be procured under the GBADS Acquisition Project.

Back then there were only 2 options available for the SPYDER ADS: the SPYDER SR (Short Range) which has a maximum engagement range of 20 kilometers, and the SPYDER MR (Medium Range) with a maximum engagement range of 60 kilometers.

The infographic above shows the difference between the SPYDER SR and SPYDER MR. The PAF appears to have ordered the SPYDER ER which is essentially a SPYDER SR but using I-Derby ER extended range missiles.

This was further reinforced by the fact that a separate requirement was planned for a short-range system, which was supposed to be part of the Horizon 2 phase, but was moved to the Horizon 3 phase from 2023 to 2028 due to funding shortage. Originally the PAF was planning to acquire 3 Medium Range and 4 Short Range GBADS Batteries as part of Horizon 2.

The PAF was interested in the Thales Force Shield Short Range GBADS before it was decided to move the SHORAD section of the GBADS Project to Horizon 3 phase. Photo taken from Thales.

But based on recent documents from the government, and information provided by defense sources and contributors, the Philippine Air Force appears to be only getting the SPYDER ER (Extended Range), which is essentially a SPYDER SR including the use of the SR's shorter-ranged radar system, but will be capable of using the Rafael I-Derby ER extended range missiles that allows a maximum engagement range of 35-40 kilometers on a clear day.

SPYDER ER ADS uses the same IAI Elta EL/M-2016 ATAR radar used by the SPYDER SR ADS. The PAF already has one EL/M-2016NG radar in service.

This means that the fire control radar of the PAF's GBADS will also be the less-capable IAI Elta EL/M-2016 ATAR radar similar to the one donated by IAI Elta to the PAF as part of the Air Surveillance Radar Phase 1 project. This is instead of the longer ranged, more capable IAI Elta EL/M-2084 3D AESA radar that has better detection ranges and is the same radar used in the Iron Dome system.

Aside from using the SPYDER ER, it also turns out that the PAF will be getting the minimum configuration for a typical SPYDER ADS battery, in terms of number of launchers and support system. This means less teeth than expected to defend air bases from airborne threats.

Saving Grace:

Despite the bad news, there is still some saving grace that can still save this project in the years to come.

Since the SPYDER Air Defense System can be configured and re-configured depending on the end user's requirements, the Philippine Air Force can still improve the system once it is in service.

Additional firing units and supporting systems can be ordered later on and added to the existing SPYDER ER batteries. This can be done either as part of another phase of the AFP Modernization Program, or a gradual improvement that can be done by the PAF without relying on the AFP Modernization Program.

Also, it appears that the Philippine Air Force will be acquiring additional GBADS as part of the Horizon 3 phase covering fiscal years 2023 to 2028, as it plans to increase coverage of air defense systems to more location in the country.

And hopefully, this time the PAF may include longer-ranged systems including medium range (beyond 50 kilometer range), and long range systems.

With the South Koreans becoming more active in the AFP Modernization Program, MaxDefense won't be surprised if the KM-SAM could be selected for the PAF's GBADS requirements in the future, if not additional and more advanced versions of the SPYDER ADS. Photo credits to original source.

Until then, all we can do now is to wait for the deliveries to start coming in. MaxDefense would provide up-to-date information about this project, which will be covered by our extension page exclusively handling modernization projects, the Philippine Defense Resource.

"Ground Based Air Defense System (GBADS) Acquisition Project of the Philippine Air Force"

Project Summary:

Ground Based Air Defense System (GBADS) Acquisition Project

Note: Edited as of 03 October 2020

* End User: Philippine Air Force (Air Defense Command)

* Quantity: 3 batteries

* Modernization Phase: Horizon 2 Phase of the Revised AFP Modernization Program (RAFPMP)

* Project ABC: Php6,846,750,000.00

* Acquisition Mode: Government-to-Government (G2G) deal with the Israeli government

* Source of Funding: GAA Funds through AFP Modernization Program Trust Fund

* SARO Release: 
      - 1st Tranche: SARO-BMB-D-19-004325 dated 04 June 2019 worth Php1,027,012,500.00 (15% Downpayment), released 06 June 2019
      - 2nd Tranche: SARO-BMB-D-20-0011482 dated 09 June 2019 worth Php2,396,362,500.00, released 11 June 2020.
     
* Winning Proponent: Rafael Advance Systems Ltd. (Israel)

* Product for Delivery:
     - 3 batteries of Rafael SPYDER Air Defense System
     - Associated radar systems, command and control systems, support vehicles, and ammunition (Python 5 and Derby missiles)

* Contract Price: Php6,846,750,000.00

* Residual Price: Php0.00

* First post by MaxDefense: 18 June 2013

* Searching Hashtag: #PAFGBADSAcquisition

* Status: Notice of Award (NOA) released in favor of Rafael Advance Systems Ltd. Delivery of initial batch expected to start early-mid 2021. 1st tranche payment released in June 2019, 2nd tranche payment released in June 2020. 

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First edit and release: 03 October 2020
Copyright MaxDefense Philippines

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Philippine Air Force Selects the Rafael SPYDER Air Defense System for its GBADS Requirements

On Christmas Day,MaxDefense posted a hint in its Facebook page on the Rafael SPYDER air defense system, as photos from one of our community members was shared to us as early as 2 weeks ago. We did not post the photos back then as we thought it was only one of the product endorsements made to the Philippine Air Force which is quite normal in the past several months.

But addition confirmation from sources has finally been made available to us, and that the Philippine Air Force has officially selected the Rafael SPYDER (Surface-to-air PYthon and DERby) air defense system for its Ground Based Air Defense System (GBADS) acquisition project. Apparently, the selection was already passed to the Department of National Defense (DND) for negotiation and implementation of the procurement process vis-a-vis their counterparts with the Israel Ministry of Defense – International Defense Cooperation Directorate (SIBAT) and Rafael Advance Systems Ltd.

The SPYDER-MR launcher (front) differs from the SPYDER-SR for having a larger and more launching boxes (8 versus 4 in SPYER-SR), and the launchers being vertical when in launching position compared to slanted on the SPYDER-SR.
Photo taken from Defense Update's website.

Ground Based Air Defense System and Selection of SPYDER ADS:

As early as June 2013 or 5 ½ years ago, MaxDefense reported that the Rafael SPYDER ADS is already at the forefront of any GBADS acquisition plan of the Philippine Air Force. The blog post we made on this can be accessed on the link below:

"Israeli SPYDER Air Defense Missile System for the Philippines - A Good Choice" - first published 18 June 2013

But several delays in the project implementation, including not being included in the finalized Horizon 1 phase, or even the approved 2^nd List of Horizon 1 phase, that the GBADS acquisition project was forced to be move to the next Horizon 2 phase, for implementation between 2018 to 2022.

It was revealed to MaxDefense by our defense and military sources that the PAF's Technical Working Group (TWG) for the Ground Based Air Defense System (GBADS) acquisition project has finally selected the Israeli-made SPYDER ADS from Rafael Advance Systems Ltd. MaxDefense was told that the selection by the PAF GBADSAP TWG was made just recently, and was supported and approved by the PAF leadership headed by then Philippine Air Force Commanding General Lt. Gen. Galileo Gerard Kintanar.

Prior to this, there were already several hints made by the PAF in recent weeks.

First of, during the preparations for the Christmas season, the PAF's newly formed unit to handle ground based air defense systems, the 960^th Ground Based Air Defense Group (960^th GBADG), showcased the Rafael SPYDER ADS in their display, even including a life-size model of the missiles used by the said system, the Rafael Python 5 short range and Derby medium range surface to air missiles, in their display.

The PAF's 960th GBADG had this Christmas presentation showing a full size replica of a Python-5 and a Derby missiles, both of which are used by the Rafael SPYDER air defense system.
Photo taken and shared to us by MaxDefense community member Efraim Morota.

During the Change of Command ceremony of the Philippine Air Force last 21 December 2018 that resulted in Lt. Gen. Kintanar's replacement by new CGPAF Lt. Gen. Rozanno Briguez just before Christmas, the outgoing CGPAF disclosed that the PAF willacquire 3 GBADS from Israel. It should be noted that only Rafael's SPYDER air defense system was the only Israeli GBADS product offered to the PAF. While Lt. Gen. Kintanar did not mention any specific model, it is obvious that he was pointing to the Rafael SPYDER ADS.

An example of a SPYDER-SR mobile launching unit, this specific one owned by the Republic of  Singapore Air Force (RSAF), one of the first users of the type.
Photo taken and credited to deslee74's Flickr account, taken in 2012.

The Rafael SPYDER is said to be the PAF's favourite to win the selection process, as Rafael was among the first to offer a GBAD system even before they started the actual pre-procurement process. It was also said that the SPYDER ADS could have been used as a basis for the project's Technical Specifications, while MaxDefense previously reported several years ago that several DND and PAF officials already went to Israel to check on the system and the production in Israeli factories.

The SPYDER was said to be competing with several other weapon system from other countries, including Diehl Defense's IRIS-T SL from Germany, LIGNex1 KM-SAM from South Korea, the Bharat Dynamics Akash from India, , among others.

Main components of a typical SPYDER battery: the Missile Firing Units (which could be between 4 to 6 units, each capable of firing the Python 5 and Derby missile), the Command and Control Unit (CCU) which includes the radar system for detection, and the Missile Supply Vehicle and Service Vehicles which supports the unit.
Photo taken from Rafael's brochures.

The Rafael SPYDER Air Defense System:

MaxDefense decided to recycle several parts of what we wrote back in June 2013 about the SPYDER ADS, when it was first offered to the DND and AFP. Back then, strong interest was already shown by the Philippine side, and there were even talks that they are going to acquire the system.

The Rafael SPYDER ADS is a short to medium range air defense missile system based on the Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) Python-5 short range dual waveband imaging infrared (IIR) air-to-air missile, and the IAI Derby beyond visual range (BVR) active radar air-to-air missiles and are fired from ground-based launchers. 

There are two versions of the system: The SPYDER-SR and SPYDER-MR. The "SR" is a Short Range system, while the "MR" is a Medium Range system. Both use the Python-5 and Derby missile from IAI, although the MR uses a booster system installed on the missiles to allow more flight range, as well as the system using a longer-ranged, more powerful radar. The SPYDER-SR has an intercept range of over 15 kilometers, while the SPYDER-MR has an intercept range of around 50 kilometers at an altitude of over 16 kilometers.

Above shows the missiles that can be used by the SPYDER ADS: From left to right: Python 5 short range IIR missile and Derby medium range missile both of which are used by the SPYDER-SR system; the Python-5 MR and Derby-MR which are both used by the SPYDER-MR system. The Stunner missile is another type of missile that can be fired by a modified  SPYDER-MR system and is used in the David's Sling ABM system. Definitely a future capability worth looking at by the PAF and AFP in general.
Photo taken from Deagel.com.

The SPYDER air defense system (ADS) battery/squadron is composed of a command & control unit which acts as the radar and communications unit, 4 to 6 launch vehicles (depending on size of battery), and associated missile loaders/supply vehicles and other service vehicles. 

It was also confirmed by another MaxDefense source based in Israel that the SPYDER ADS for the Philippines will be using radars and Command & Control (C2) systems from Israel's Elta Systems Ltd. The SPYDER-SR uses the Elta EL/M-2106 ATAR (a variant of which is already in service with the Philippine Air Force), while the SPYDER-MR uses the Elta EL/M-2084 MMR 3D AESA medium range multi-mission radar system.

PAF personnel from the 580th Aircraft Control and Warning Wing being oriented on the ELTA EL/M-2106 ATAR radar which is currently in service. The SPYDER-SR also uses the same radar, which is beneficial for the PAF due to their experience with the said radar. The SPYDER-MR uses a larger, longer ranged radar although still made by ELTA. The PAF's long range air defense radars are also made by ELTA, the EL/M-2288-ER AD-STAR Extended Range.
Photo screen-grabbed from 580th ACWW video as posted by Lt. Col. Franics Neri in his Facebook account. 

An advantage that MaxDefense see in the selection of the SPYDER ADS is that it uses the same IAI Python-5 and Derby missiles that can be used by fighter aircraft. This means that the compatibility, supply and maintenance issues can be simplified between them.

So why does it matter when the PAF doesn't operate the Python-5 and Derby missiles?

The PAF appears to also be interested in using Python-5 and Derby missiles for its existing fleet of KAI FA-50 fighters, and even on future Multi-Role Fighters as well. The FA-50 is said to be compatible with the Python-5 and Derby (and the newer I-Derby Extended Range) missiles, and current upgrades being made on some of the FA-50s will allow the use of both Israeli-made missiles, in addition to the upcoming AIM-9L(I)-1 Sidewinder short range IR air-to-air ordered by the PAF from Germany's Diehl Defense through US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) with Raytheon.

Due to the SPYDER's capability and the Israeli's cooperation in providing the Philippines with the arms it needs, the best delivery date, and less political strings attached, there is no doubt that a deal for the SPYDER-MR ADS will be taken easily by the government

Among its current users, it is worthwhile to note that Singapore's military uses the SPYDER-SR system as one of the cornerstones of its air defense capability. With Singapore's stringent defense product acceptance methods and consistent decisions in choosing the best military hardware out there, it is already a strong vote of confidence to the SPYDER's capabilities.

A typical configuration showing a complete battalion of SPYDER consisting of at least 3 batteries/squadrons of 6 firing units each. Since the PAF is acquiring 3 batteries, a similar configuration might be used.
Photo taken from Rafael's brochures.

Is PAF Acquiring the SPYDER-SR or SPYDER-MR?

Based on the information we gathered since 2013 until now, it appears that the PAF is actually interested in acquiring both the SPYDER-MR and SPYDER-SR for two different requirements - the GBADS - Short Range, and the GBADS - Medium Range. In this case, MaxDefense believes that the PAF could be going for the GBADS-MR.

Here's why:

In June 2013 or 66 months ago, when MaxDefense first wrote about the planned acquisition of the SPYDER ADS, the Philippine Air Force was already in the process of evaluating the different models offered to them. There was already a strong indication back then that a medium-range system would be preferred as the extra range could allow air defense units to defend at a longer stand-off range.

By mid-2016, MaxDefense received confirmation from sources from the Philippine Air Force that the SPYDER-MR is already obviously leading in the PAF TWG's evaluation compared to competitors.
Both the SPYDER-SR and SPYDER-MR were submitted by Rafael, and was in competition with different offers made including the Diehl Defense IRIS-T SL and SLM, the Bharat Dynamics Akash, and the Raytheon MIM-23 HAWK XXI. Based on this evaluation, the SPYDER-MR got the highest scoring despite Diehl Defense's IRIS-T SLM closely edging the SPYDER-MR in terms of overall performance. Apparently, the SPYDER-MR was considered more cost effective as its cost is far lower than the IRIS-T SLM, and the PAF would be allowed to acquire more systems with the budget that they have.

The PAF's own evaluation of the Medium Range GBAD System as of 2016 pitted the SPYDER-MR against competitors like the IRIS-T SLM, MIMI-23 Hawk (confirmed later to MaxDefense as the latest Hawk XXI vaariant), and the AKASH.
Photo provided by MaxDefense source to us as early as mid-2016.

Last 22 October 2016, or more than 26 months ago, MaxDefense got confirmation from sources involved in the project that the Philippine Air Force is prioritizing the acquisition of Medium Range systems for its GBADS acquisition project. It was also mentioned that other systems like Russia's 9K37M1-2 Buk and South Korea's LIGNex1 KM-SAM Cheolmae-II were also included in the evaluation. This means that despite SPYDER-MR ranking 1st in the initial evaluation by the PAF TWG, it was again evaluated against new offers made.

Inspections made by top brass officials from the DND and AFP included the SPYDER-MR in their inspections. This includes not just the missile system, but also the radar system, as seen on the photo below from November 2016 which includes former CSAFPs Gen. Visaya and Gen. Ano.

On November 2016, MaxDefense got the exclusive report of DND an AFP officials checking on Israeli offers for the AFP Modernization. Among those inspected was the Elta EL/M-2084 (background) which is used not just for the SPYDER-MR but also for the SBMS system.
Photo shared by a MaxDefense source who was also in Israel during this inspection.

Based on information MaxDefense gathered as of mid-2017, the SPYDER-MR still edged out its competition based on both performance and pricing. The Russian BUK, as expected, will have problems on compatibility and interoperability with existing and new systems of the Philippine Air Force and the AFP's overall C4ISTAR system, as it uses a different system. No mention was made on how the SPYDER-MR edged out the Korean KM-SAM Cheolmae II.

It was also confirmed that the Department of National Defense (DND) has already decided to go for a Government-to-Government (G2G) route for the PAF's GBADS acquisition project, thus any decision of the PAF TWG and approved by the PAF's senior leadership would require the DND to talk to the source's government.

Another advantage is that Israel has an agreement with the Philippines that allows G2G acquisitions. Apparently this is not available if the PAF chose the IRIS-T SLM (which was considered the closest competitor) since the Philippines doesn't have a Defense Cooperation MOU/MOA with Germany that will allow G2G acquisitions.

The same information still prevailed as of 2018, with the Philippine Air Force only waiting for funding to be provided for the project as the TWG was already decided on the SPYDER-MR early on. Negotiations with Israel's Ministry of Defense - SIBAT and Rafael Advance Systems Ltd. has been going on for several months now, as further adjustments were being made on the overall offer, inclusionsAnd lady luck head the pleas of our PAF air defense boys and girls, as it was revealed that the government has finally allocated enough budget worth Php6,846,750,000.00, said to be good enough for 3 batteries as confirmed by a source who was previously involved in the project.

The German-made IRIS-T SLM was said to be the closest competitor of the SPYDER-MR, but was found to be much more expensive. It was also more difficult to acquire since there is no agreements between Germany and the Philippines that could allow a G2G acquisition to happen. MaxDefense also found out recently that Germany may also have some issues in providing an export license to any arms deal with the Philippines, so that could be another potential problem should the PAF and DND choose the IRIS-T SLM.
Photo taken from Armada International's website.

What's Next on the PAF GBADS Acquisition Project?

Since the year is about to end, MaxDefense believes that no further negotiations can be made in the next few days leading to 2019. Thus, it is expected that any additional negotiations leading to the G2G deal with IMoD-SIBAT and Rafael would happen early next year.

MaxDefense also received a recent confirmation that a Letter of Award (LOA) is expected to be given to Rafael Advance Systems very soon, considering that Post Qualification Inspections might have already been completed.

It still remains to be seen how many rounds of Python-5 and Derby missile rounds are included in the deal, or if the PAF decided to go for 4 or 6 Mobile Missile Firing Units which would be dependent on the budget. Ideally 6 would be best but if the budget isn't enough, 4 MFUs per battery would be sufficient enough. MaxDefense won't get its hopes high though, considering the budget did not change too much from several years ago, while the value of the Philippine pesos went down since then.

A single battery of 6 MFUs will require at least 48 ready-to-fire missiles of a mix between the Pyton-5 and Derby. Thus, 3 batteries means 144 ready-to-fire missiles. A spare another 144 missiles would be the least acceptable number, although MaxDefense hopes that more missile spare rounds can be included to allow for live fire exercises, and to be ready in any eventuality.

Another question will be the model of trucks to be used. Currently the SPYDER ADS is compatible with MAN, Mercedes Benz, TATRA, and or Scania Trucks. MaxDefense believes that trucks from MAN would be best as MAN already has an good service support network in the Philippines. It would be noted that MAN is the most widely-used German-made truck model in the Philippines, and is even the official utility truck model used by the Philippine National Police.



Thus, MaxDefense hopes that 2019 would be a good year for our 960th Ground Based Air Defense Group, as we expect a contract to be signed between the DND and Rafael Advance Systems if all goes well. This is a project that has been in the making for 6 years or more, and it is definitely something that should be settled as soon as possible.

MaxDefense thanks its sources for providing us old and new information about the project.



Project Summary:

Ground Based Air Defense System (GBADS) acquisition project 

End User: Philippine Air Force (960th GBAD Group)
Modernization Phase: Revised AFP Modernization Program Horizon 2 phase
ABC: Php6,846,750,000.00
SARO Release: to be updated
Status as of this writing: Final Negotiations ongoing between DND and IMoD. Letter of Award pending.
Selected Proponent: Rafael Advance Systems Ltd. Israel
Contract Price: none yet, to be updated.

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First edit and release: 26 December 2018
Copyright MaxDefense Philippines

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